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Taliban bans many subjects for women in Afghan varsities_我的网站

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一 | Kabul, Oct 15 (UNI) A year after banning most teenage girls from attending school, the Taliban are imposing sweeping restrictions on which courses women can enroll for in at public universities, a BBC report said.

The choice for female students can vary from university to university, and depending on which part of the country you're in, the BBC found. Women are allowed to take medicine and nursing in all provinces, as well as teacher training and Islamic studies.

But veterinary science, engineering, economics and agriculture appear off-limits to women nationwide, while opportunities to study journalism are extremely limited.

The militant group have said the correct "Islamic environment" needs to be created for older girls to be allowed back into schools. However, more than a year after they returned to power this still has not happened in most provinces, with reports suggesting hardliners in the group remain opposed to it.

Many girls did not get to complete their final year at school as girls were banned from high school by the Taliban after they seized power in August 2021, the BBC said.

The Taliban did, however, make the decision that girls who were in the last year of school could also sit university entrance exams.

This hope though appears short-lived with the limitations on the subjects being introduced for women only.

At several universities, the BBC report said, female students were given the option of taking a test in subjects such as nursing, midwifery or literature, which are among the courses on offer at the seven faculties open to them at Nangarhar, but not in journalism.

University professors who supervised the entrance examination there confirmed to the BBC that boys would be allowed to choose any subject they want.

Officials expect 100,000 students (including 30,000 women) were likely to take university entrance exams in Afghanistan this year, the BBC said.

The academic year starts either in March or August, and it usually takes two to three months for entrance exam results to be announced. Now, with the Taliban back in power, nobody is sure when the results will be released, the BBC reported.

Male and female students have been taking the exams separately - in line with Taliban rules on segregating students by gender - for example boys in the morning, girls in the afternoon or by using screens in exam halls. In some provinces where the candidate numbers were high, entrance exams were held over two or three days.

Activists told the BBC, the number of female students applying for university will fall dramatically in the coming years, unless the Taliban reopen secondary schools to girls from grades 6 to 12.

Taliban officials are downplaying the restrictions. Abdul Qadir Khamush, who heads the examinations division in the Ministry of Higher Education, says girls can choose their favourite subject, with the exception of just three or four.

"We need to provide separate classes for women. In some areas the number of female candidates are low. So we are not allowing women to apply for certain courses."

Officials are yet to reveal the number of university places on offer this year.

Afghanistan's education sector was badly affected after the Taliban takeover and there has been an exodus of trained academics after the withdrawal of US-led forces last year.

The country's economy has been largely dependent on foreign aid in recent decades, but aid agencies have partly - and in some cases fully - withdrawn support to the education sector after the Taliban refused to allow girls into all secondary schools.

Many of the teaching staff who remain go unpaid for months, the BBC reported.

Taliban restrictions on which subjects girls can study are not always uniformly applied across the country, the BBC discovered. For instance, in Kabul University, girls are still allowed on some courses in the journalism faculty.

But girls cannot circumvent the distance-rule. The Taliban have divided the country into a number of zones and girls are not allowed to study outside them, in what amounts to another very serious restriction based on sex, the BBC found.

UNI ING。　　核心要点　　印尼在 2026 年一直疲于应对财政支出争议、以及明晟（MSCI）可能将其降级为前沿市场的风险，眼下该国或将难以达成明年的经济增长目标。　　总统普拉博沃・苏比安托希望在 2027 年把经济增速提升至 6%，同时将财政赤字控制在国内生产总值（GDP）的 2.4%。

二 | 这意味着，印尼要在过去十年约 5% 的平均增速基础上再上一个台阶，并且把赤字维持在法定 3% 的上限以内。

三 | 政府财政方案还涵盖粮食与能源自给自足等目标。　　国际金融研究院副首席经济学家阿肖克・本迪亚表示：“他们想要在短时间内完成太多事情，部分目标的时间规划有些过于理想化。”他称，想要在明年实现 6% 的增速，大概率需要一场意料之外的大宗商品繁荣，以此拉动出口、财政收入与投资。　　就在此时，指数提供商明晟（MSCI）把印尼市场评估审查期限延长至 11 月，本次审查将决定是否把印尼从新兴市场下调至前沿市场。市场的担忧点包括：普拉博沃标志性的免费营养餐计划等财政开支；备受尊敬的前财长斯里・穆利亚尼离任带来的变数；普拉博沃的侄子托马斯・吉万多诺出任印尼央行副行长，引发市场对央行独立性的质疑。今年 6 月，印尼盾兑美元汇率创下历史新低。　　资本经济学高级亚洲经济学家加雷斯・莱瑟表示，6% 的增长会是一次 “巨大跨越”。财政刺激固然可以拉动增长，但从提交的预算草案来看，政府并无放宽财政的意向。莱瑟称，货币宽松或许可以带来 “短期提振”，但印尼央行独立于政府运作；一旦央行独立性遭到侵蚀，将会 “损害国家信誉”。

四 | 　　智库 Bright Institute 高级经济学家亚努阿尔・里兹基认为这份预算的各项假设 “完全脱离现实”。他指出，民众购买力 “十分脆弱”，网络借贷规模激增；印尼金融服务管理局（OJK）数据显示，6 月网贷融资余额同比增长 25.88%。　　他表示，民众储蓄消耗殆尽、背负高息债务，在此背景下依靠税收增收难度很大；另外，中国经济放缓也会拖累印尼出口。　　当然，印尼也存在实现更高增速的路径，以投资为导向的改革便是其一。

五 | 　　本迪亚提到太阳能领域投资前景 “令人鼓舞”，会对长期增长产生乘数效应；莱瑟则建议应当 “聚焦供给侧”，加大基建投入、出台政策吸引外资。　　以投资为核心的改革是实现高速增长的可行路径。本迪亚称，“即便中国经济放缓，只要监管框架到位，印尼依旧可以吸引新增投资。” 他同样看好太阳能投资及其长期乘数效应。　　不过，上述预测面临多重挑战，伊朗冲突即为变量之一。印尼政府已经表态，2026 年维持补贴燃油价格不变；一旦供应中断或是军事冲突进一步恶化推高国际油价，财政预算就会承受压力。　　总而言之，想要同时实现高增长与低赤字双重目标，印尼整体上必须强化财政纪律；政策制定者能否拿捏好平衡，仍有待观察。